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November 9th, 2010
Professional Sports Drug Testing
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Professional Sports Drug Testing.
Success or failure in sports has numerous hidden dimensions. Sportspersons usually retire at an age when most of us are still building our lives and our career. The time available for them to prove their mettle is certainly more limited than ours. Furthermore, there are no cast iron guarantees for rewarding employment opportunities after their sporting days are over – they may or may not be employed as commentators, refries / umpires, coaches etc. All this means that there is tremendous pressure on the sportspersons to succeed – which can lead them to consume performance-boosting drugs. And since the stakes are high, sportsmen and their accomplices evolve more and more techniques to pass a drug test.
As a response to this an entire industry of professional sports drug testing has evolved. The World Anti Doping Agency (WADA) was established in 1999 to counter drug use in the professional sports world. The most commonly consumed performance boosters are synthetic testosterone and erythropoietin. The former builds up muscles while the later improves endurance by increasing the number of red blood cells. Incisive techniques can detect these in an athlete’s urine. Synthetic testosterone is detected by chromatography. Carbon molecules have different molecular weights. In contrast to natural testosterone that has a specific ratio of carbon 12 to carbon 13, synthetic testosterone has very low levels of carbon 12. Erythropoietin is much heavier to be detected through chromatography. A sample is put in an electric field after suspending it in a gel. The erythropoietin molecule migrates because of its heavy weight and is therefore detected.
This is of course the procedure for two of the most widely used performance enhancers. There are many other. And since sportsmen are evolving newer ways of how to detox for drug test, the fight against drug doping is a continuous one. Testers are yet to find a way to detect illegal levels of the human growth hormone that, like testosterone, builds muscles. Then the possibility of not being tested on a daily basis creates a widow of opportunity for those using drugs to go undetected. What most of the sportsmen do not realize is that drugs can have serious long-term health consequences that can more than negate the monetary and other benefits gotten from their consumption.
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